Built-in antenna, external antenna, suction cup antenna, so many types of antennas? Don't choose the wrong one!

The antenna is a device that radiates RF signals from the coaxial cable into the air or receives them from the air onto the coaxial cable, and converts the guided waves spread on the coaxial cable into radio waves spread in the boundless media, or carries out the conversion in the opposite direction. If you choose the wrong one, you will not get the proper function, and even burn out the module. Aiming at the design scheme of a wireless network receiving and transmitting equipment used in the radio system software, the antenna design scheme and selection is a key part of it, excellent antenna system software can make the communication spacing to achieve the best situation, the same kind of antenna size and the RF signal wavelength is positively correlated with the frequency of the data signal, the lower the frequency, the bigger the antenna is needed. 01 Antenna classification antenna by the installation of parts of the antenna can be divided into external antenna and built-in antenna. Antennas can be categorized into external antennas and built-in antennas. Those installed inside the machine and equipment are called built-in antennas, and those installed outside the machine and equipment are called external antennas. For the hand-held machine equipment, wearable design program, smart home system and other small-size goods, the built-in antenna is widely used, which has a high processing speed and a beautiful and generous appearance of the goods. IoT technology and smart products must be connected to the network to transmit data, and therefore antennas must be applied. The smaller the indoor space, the more frequency bands, the more complicated antenna design program, external antenna is generally a standard substance, buy the required frequency band antenna can be applied without adjustment. For example, courier boxes, vending machines, widely used external antenna magnetization, sucked in the white tin case can be. This antenna can not be put into the tin filing cabinets, metal materials will shield the antenna data signal, so only to the outside, the text from the antenna categorization and its model selection as the key to the antenna's basic information to carry out a detailed introduction.1.1 External Antenna

External antenna from the radiation source field radiation source perspective orientation can be divided into omnidirectional antenna and fixed antenna. Omnidirectional antenna indoor space radiation map omnidirectional antenna: that is, in the horizontal direction of the map is mainly manifested as 360 ° are proportional to the radiation source, that is, usually often referred to as non-specific, in the vertical direction of the map is mainly manifested as a certain total width of the beam, in general the total width of the flap the smaller, the greater the gain. The key of external omni-directional antenna contains glass suction cup antenna, glass fiber reinforced plastic anti-corrosion antenna and hot melt glue stick antenna. Fixed-term antenna indoor space radiation map fixed-term antenna: refers to in a particular or a number of special position to send and receive radio waves especially strong, while in other positions to send and receive radio waves is zero or small a kind of antenna. The purpose of selecting the itemized transmitting antenna is to improve the reasonable utilization rate of radiation strength and improve the safety; the key purpose of selecting the itemized receiving antenna is to improve the receiving sensitivity and improve the anti-interference. The key external antennas include tablet antennas, Yagi antennas, and most cycle time antennas.1.2 Built-in Antennas

Built-in antenna key refers to the antenna that can be placed inside the machine and equipment, the built-in antenna key includes FPC antenna, PCB antenna, spring antenna, ceramic post piece antenna, laser immediate forming technology (LDS) and hardware spring piece antenna.02 Model Selection HandbookIn selecting the suitable antenna for the machine and equipment, the first thing to do is to make sure whether to use the built-in antenna or external antenna based on the structure of the product, and the main features of external and built-in antenna are as follows. The main features of external antenna and built-in antenna are as follows: external antenna has high gain, less harmed by the environment, can be made into a standard product, saves development progress, occupies indoor space, and jeopardizes the aesthetic appearance of the product. built-in antenna has relatively high gain, perfect processing technology, and good consistency of delivery of the product. built-in equipment, aesthetic appearance, and does not need to independently do three-proof, is greatly jeopardized by the surrounding environment, and must be integrated with the product itself in the general customized. 2.1 External Antenna Model selection must first clear machine equipment data signal coverage area, data signal coverage direction by the antenna radiation source direction map decision, according to the antenna radiation source direction, the antenna is divided into omni-directional antenna and fixed antenna.2.1.1 External Omni-directional Antenna Glass Suction Cup Antenna: Gain relatively high, the greater characteristics of the glass suction cup with strong magnet, installation of the fixed immobility is very convenient, but the glass suction cup must be Suction command in the metal surface layer. In the field of wireless module, glass suction cup antenna is often used in conjunction with wireless module, in order to achieve the purpose of enhancing the communication distance of wireless module, such as wireless intelligent meter reading, vending machine, express box, car radio and so on. Copper rod glass sucker antenna: similar to the general whip glass sucker antenna, but more than the advantages of whip glass sucker depends on the choice of a very large diameter of all-copper radiator, its OMU depletion, antennae, high efficiency, network bandwidth cover wide. Applicable to the performance of the relatively high provisions of the digital transmission radio, medium level spacing of the map transmission. Hot melt glue stick antenna: It is the most common external antenna with moderate gain and relatively cheap price, commonly used in wireless communication control module, wireless router, digital transmission radio, etc. It can be selected according to the space requirement of the installation room. According to the installation of indoor space regulations to select the appropriate specifications of the size of the antenna, select the antenna specifications and gain has a relationship, in general, the same frequency band length the longer the higher the gain. Glass fiber reinforced plastic anti-corrosion antenna: in omni-directional antenna, glass fiber reinforced plastic anti-corrosion antenna performance is mainly more excellent, its core is all-copper oscillator, choose balanced explosion-proof switch, subject to environmental hazards small; Case choose high-quality glass fiber reinforced plastic anticorrosive, there are very good characteristics of the three anti-extreme geographic environment into the good. Especially suitable for ultra-long distance gateway ip data signal coverage, image transmission, etc. 2.1.2 external directional antenna is generally used for communication over long distances, data signal coverage area is small, the overall target density of natural environments, extremity instances for point-to-point long-distance communication. Tablet antenna: high efficiency, light volume and small installation is convenient, can both gain and radiation source area. Can be used in the room, tunnel construction network signal cover, medium level spacing data signal transmission, map transmission and data signal over the wall. Yagi antenna: very high gain, slightly larger volume, specialization, application must pay attention to the orientation of the antenna, can be used for ultra-long-distance data signal transmission, mapping and direction finding. Most of the cycle time antenna: ultra-wideband antenna, network bandwidth coverage is very wide, network bandwidth can reach 10:1, commonly used in data signals become large, room spread and elevator car data signal coverage.2.2 Built-in antenna model selection built-in antenna shape can be divided into a total of: FPC/PCB/spring/porcelain/hardware spring sheet/laser immediate forming technology (LDS) and other types. At this stage, PCB antenna is generally selected more. In the high cost management, the performance of the general selection of spring LDS antenna, the general built-in antenna are subject to environmental hazards, must be customized design solutions or matching resistors. fpc antenna: excellent cost-effective, oil pump can be with a variety of shapes and tones; Goods flexibility is good, can be the ultimate catering to the standard curved surface; Processing process is perfect and smooth, fast production cycle, large quantities of good delivery; Applicable to the performance of higher provisions of the spring, spring, porcelain, metal spring sheet, laser immediately formed technical (LDS) and other types of antennas. PCB antenna: with FPC antenna, the big difference is that FPC has very good softness, PCB antenna is hard board, in the structure of the installation, if it must be curved and its curved surface is selected FPC antenna, if it is a plane plan can be selected PCB antenna, PCB antenna than FPC in order to install. Spring antenna: its greater characteristic is the price is low, but the gain is low, the band width, built into the product internal, usually must adjust the antenna pair. LDS antenna: suitable for the antenna of unique appearance, can flexibly use the antenna indoor space; for the completion of the antenna performance closer to the physics of the natural environment; for the antenna attached to the antenna, the antenna can be installed in a more convenient way than the FPC. Limits; the antenna is attached to the shell or support frame has a unique material provisions; processing technology is perfect, and according to the spray paint color, the whole process has a certain failure rate. Hardware spring sheet antenna: has a high cost-effective, reasonable control of costs; goods high compressive strength, not easily damaged; processing technology perfect and smooth, fast production cycle, good delivery of large quantities; antenna area and the use of curved shape surface, with certain limitations.

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