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Definition and classification of sensors
I. DEFINITION OF SENSORS The advances made in information processing technology and the high rate of development of microprocessor and computer technology have required corresponding advances in the development of sensors. Microprocessors are now widely used in measurement and control systems. As the capabilities of these systems increase, the role of sensors as the front-end units of information acquisition systems is becoming increasingly important. Sensors have become a key component in automation systems and robotics, and their importance as a structural component of the system is becoming more and more apparent. In the broadest sense, a sensor is a device that converts a physical or chemical quantity into an easily utilizable electrical signal. The International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC: International Electrotechnical Committee) defines a sensor as "a predecessor component in a measurement system that converts an input variable into a signal that can be measured". According to Gopel et al, "a sensor is a sensitive element that includes a carrier and circuit connections", while "a sensor system is a combination of sensors with some information processing (analog or digital) capability". The transducer is an integral part of the sensor system and it is the first point of input of the measured signal.
The problem you mention can't be fully learned in five years of undergraduate study at Tsinghua. I can only explain it briefly. (1) Sensor English is "Sensor" means feeling or perception, etc., the sensor common definition can be said to be "information pickup device or device" strict definition is: the measured value of the form (such as physical quantities, chemical quantities biomass, etc.). Transforms the measured quantity form (such as physical quantity, chemical quantity, biological quantity, etc.) into another kind of device or equipment which has a definite correspondence with it and is easy to measure the quantity form. (2) Broadly speaking, most sensors use the principle of conversion of the form of value. (3) According to the input quantity classification: displacement, pressure, temperature, speed and other sensors, named after the measured physical quantity. Classification by operating principle: thermoelectric, piezoelectric, strain ...... Classification by physical phenomenon: structure, physical properties ...... Classification by energy relationship: ...... Classification by output signal: ...... 4) The characteristic is to replace the human ear, eye, nose and other organs to perceive and obtain the information and information in the natural world that people can't obtain directly. (5) Used in the development of human science, transformation of nature, production, life and other human beings involved in all areas. (6) The market has: smoke, temperature, magnetic, dry humidity, sense the movement of objects, pyro-infrared, microwave Doppler, wired, wireless
Sensors can be categorized into two main groups, physical sensors and chemical sensors, based on the principle of sensor operation.
Original publisher: Sun Dada SUN Mechatronics Technology commonly used sensors and their principles Class: Mechanical Design and Manufacturing and Automation Name: No.: I. Classification of sensors Sensors have a number of classification methods, but there are two commonly used methods of classification, one is to be measured by the physical quantity to be divided; the other is to be divided according to the sensor's operating principle. Sensors divided by the measured physical quantity, common are: temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, displacement sensors, flow sensors, liquid level sensors, force sensors, acceleration sensors, torque sensors and so on. According to the principle of operation can be divided into: 1. Electrical sensors Electrical sensors are non-electrical measurement technology in a wide range of applications of a sensor, commonly used resistive sensors, capacitive sensors, inductive sensors, magnetoelectric sensors and eddy current sensors. Resistive sensor is the use of varistors will be measured non-electricity is converted to resistance signal made of the principle. Resistive sensors generally have potentiometer type, contact varistor type, resistance strain gauge type and piezoresistive sensors. Resistive sensors are mainly used for the measurement of displacement, pressure, force, strain, torque, air flow rate, liquid level and liquid flow and other parameters. Capacitive sensor is the use of changing the geometry of the capacitance or change the nature and content of the medium, so that the principle of the change in capacitance made of
Classification of sensors is currently no uniform provisions, the sensor itself and a wide variety of different principles, detection of a variety of objects, to bring some difficulty to the classification, the sensor is usually classified according to the following principles. 1. Classification according to the detected amount of classification according to the detected amount of classification, can be divided into physical sensors, chemical sensors, biomass sensors. In all types of sensors can be divided into a number of families, each family can be divided into a number of groups. 2. Classification according to the physical principle This classification method is based on the physical principle of the sensor as a basis for classification. Can be divided into piezoresistive, piezoelectric, inductive, capacitive, strain, Hall-type ......; this classification method is conducive to sensor professionals from the principle and design for inductive analysis and research. 3. According to the energy transfer mode classification According to the energy transfer mode classification, the sensor can be divided into two categories of active sensors and passive sensors. Active sensors convert non-electricity into electricity. Passive sensor itself is not a transducer, the measured non-electricity only to control or regulate the energy in the sensor, so it must have auxiliary energy - power supply. 4. According to the sensor's working mechanism classification According to the sensor's working mechanism classification, can be divided into two categories of structural and physical type. Structural sensors are the use of physics in the field of the law and the laws of motion, etc. constitute the
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