What types of optical fibers are commonly used?

Optical fiber used in fiber optic communication system has quartz fiber, plastic clad fiber, single mode fiber, multi-mode fiber. As a mainstream way of broadband access, optical fiber has the advantages of large communication capacity, long relay distance, good confidentiality, strong adaptability, small size and light weight, wide range of raw material sources at low prices, etc. Therefore, optical fiber is more and more widely used in the communication system.

-I. What are the commonly used types of optical fibers?1. Quartz optical fiber (Silica Fiber) is based on silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the main raw material, and according to different doping, to control the core and cladding of the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber. Quartz (glass) series of optical fiber, with low consumption, broadband characteristics, is now widely used in cable television and communications systems. Quartz glass optical fiber has the advantage of low loss, when the light wavelength of 1.0 ~ 1.7 μm (about 1.4 μm near), the loss is only 1dB/km, in 1.55 μm at a low of only 0.2dB/km.2. Plastic Clad Fiber (Plastic Clad Fiber) is a high-purity quartz glass for the core, while the refractive index of the quartz slightly lower than that of plastic, such as silica, etc., as a step-type cladding. As the cladding of the step-type optical fiber. Compared with quartz fiber, it has the characteristics of core rent and high numerical aperture (NA). Therefore, it is easy to combine with light-emitting diode LED light source, and the loss is also smaller. Therefore, it is very suitable for local area networks (LAN) and short-distance communication.3. Single Mode FiberThis refers to the optical fiber that can only transmit one propagation mode in the operating wavelength, usually referred to as Single Mode Fiber (SMF: Single ModeFiber). Currently, in the cable television and optical communications, is widely used optical fiber.4. Multimode fiber will be the optical fiber according to the operating wavelength to its propagation of the possible modes for more than one mode of the optical fiber is called multimode fiber (MMF: MUlti ModeFiber). Core diameter of 50μm, due to the transmission mode can be up to several hundred, compared with SMF transmission bandwidth is mainly governed by mode dispersion. Historically, it has been used for short-distance transmission in cable television and communication systems. Multimode fiber optic cable made of optical fiber can be used for communications, it is good conductivity, transmission of information capacity, a pathway can simultaneously accommodate dozens of people talking. Dozens of television programs can be transmitted at the same time for free selection.

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