What are the basic performance aspects of connectors?

I. What are the basic performance aspects of connectors?

The basic performance of the connector can be divided into three main categories: namely, mechanical properties, electrical properties and environmental performance. Another important mechanical properties is the mechanical life of the connector. Mechanical life is actually a durability (durability) indicators, in the national standard GB5095 called it mechanical operation. It is an insertion and a pull out for a cycle, in order to specify the insertion and removal cycle after the connector can be normal completion of its connection function (such as contact resistance value) as the basis for judgment.1. Mechanical properties of the connection function, the insertion and removal force is an important mechanical properties. Insertion force is divided into insertion force and pull-out force (pull-out force is also known as separation force), the two requirements are different. In the relevant standards have a large insertion force and small separation force provisions, which indicates that, from the point of view of the use, the insertion force to be small (thus having a low insertion force LIF and no insertion force IF structure), while the separation force is too small, it will affect the reliability of the contact. The insertion and extraction force and mechanical life of the connector with the contact structure (positive pressure size) contact part plating quality is (sliding Mochuang coefficient) and the contact arrangement of dimensional accuracy (degree of alignment). 2. electrical properties of the main electrical properties of the connector, including the contact resistance, insulation resistance and resistance to electric strength. ① contact resistance of high-quality electrical connectors should have a low and stable contact resistance. Contact resistance of the connector from a few ohms to tens of ohms. ② insulation resistance measure of electrical connectors between the contact parts and contact parts and shells between the insulation performance indicators, the order of magnitude of hundreds of megohms to thousands of megohms ranging. ③ electric strength or voltage resistance, dielectric withstand voltage, is characterized by the connector between the contact parts or between the contact parts and the shell to withstand the rated test voltage. Other electrical properties. EMI leakage attenuation is to evaluate the connector of electromagnetic interference shielding effect, EMI leakage attenuation is to evaluate the connector of electromagnetic interference shielding effect, generally in the 100MHz ~ 10GHz frequency range test. For RF coaxial connectors, there are characteristic impedance, insertion loss, reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and other electrical indicators. Due to the development of digital technology, in order to connect and transmit high-speed digital pulse signals, a new type of connector that is a high-speed signal connector, accordingly, in terms of electrical performance, in addition to the characteristic impedance, but also the emergence of a number of new electrical indicators, such as crosstalk (crosstalk), transmission delay (delay), time lag (skew), etc. 3. Environmental performance of the common environmental performance include Temperature resistance, humidity resistance, salt spray resistance, vibration and shock. ① temperature currently the connector's high operating temperature of 200 ℃ (except for a few high-temperature special connectors), the low temperature of -65 ° ℃. As the connector works, the current generates heat at the contact point, resulting in a temperature rise, so it is generally believed that the operating temperature should be equal to the ambient temperature and the temperature rise of the contact point and the sum. In some specifications, it is specified that the connector in the rated operating current of the allowable high temperature rise. ② Resistant to the intrusion of moisture moisture will affect the connection h insulation properties, and corrosion of metal parts. Constant damp heat test conditions for the relative humidity of 90% ~ 95% (according to product specifications, up to 98%), temperature +40 ± 20 ° C, the test time according to product regulations, less than 96 hours. Alternating humidity and heat test is more stringent. ③ salt spray connector in the environment containing moisture and salt work, its metal structural components, contact parts of the surface treatment layer may produce galvanic corrosion, affecting the connector's physical and electrical properties. In order to evaluate the ability of electrical connectors to withstand this environment, the salt spray test is prescribed. It is the connector suspended in a temperature-controlled test chamber, with a specified concentration of sodium chloride solution sprayed with compressed air, the formation of salt spray atmosphere, the exposure time specified by the product specification, at least 48 hours. ④ vibration and shock resistance to vibration and shock is an important performance of the electrical connector, especially important in special application environments such as aviation and aerospace, railroad and road transportation, it is an important indicator to test the robustness of the mechanical structure of the electrical connector and the reliability of the electrical contact. There are clear provisions in the relevant test methods. Impact test should be specified in the peak acceleration, duration and impact pulse waveform, as well as the time of interruption of electrical continuity. ⑤ other environmental performance according to the requirements of the use of other environmental performance of the electrical connector sealing (air leakage, liquid pressure), liquid impregnation (on the specific liquid resistance to abusive chemical ability), low air pressure and so on.

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