What are the steps involved in fusion splicing fiber optic cables?

Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, so that the splice and the area around it are nearly as strong as the intact fiber. The heat source used to melt and fuse the two glass fibers being spliced is usually an electric arc, but can also be a laser, a gas flame, or a tungsten filament through which an electric current passes.

-I. What are the steps involved in fusion splicing fiber optic cables?1. Stripping the Fiber To begin fusing the fibers together, you must remove or strip the protective polymer coating around the fibers. This is usually done using a mechanical stripping device, similar to a pair of wire strippers. Remember to clean the stripping tool before beginning the fixing process.2. Cleaning the Fiber After the fiber is stripped of its coating, it is time to clean the bare fiber. Using 99.9% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) and lint-free wipes will prevent any contamination of the glass.3. Cutting the Fiber A good cutter is critical to a successful fusion splice. Instead of cutting the fiber, the cutter cuts the fiber and pulls or bends the fiber to cause a clean break, which leaves the end face flat and perpendicular to the fiber's axis.4. Fusing the FibersAfter the fibers have been cut, they are fused together with a fusion splicer. First, you must align the ends of the fibers inside the fusion splicer. Once properly aligned, melt the fibers with an electric arc and solder the ends together.5. Protecting the Fiber After the fibers have been successfully fused together, the bare fibers are protected by recoating or using a splice protector.6. Testing the FibersDon't forget to test the fibers after fusion. The use of an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) helps to verify splice loss, measure length, and locate any faults in the spliced fiber.

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