What are the standards for wire harnesses? How are wiring harnesses tested and inspected?

Terminal Wire Harness (TWH) is an electrical connection system consisting of multiple wires, plugs, terminals, and other connectors used to make electrical connections in a variety of applications such as electronic equipment, mechanical devices, automobiles, and airplanes. It serves to connect wires in power, signal, and control circuits in an organized and reliable manner and to connect them to external equipment or other systems. A terminal harness usually consists of the following major components: 1. Wires: The most basic component of a terminal harness is the wires, which transmit power, signals and data. The type and gauge of wire depends on the requirements of the specific application; for example, a high-voltage harness is used for power transmission, while a thin, insulated harness is used for signal transmission.2. Terminals: A terminal is a connector used to connect wires to other parts of a device or system. Terminals can be in the form of pins, sockets, bolted terminals, and so on. They are usually made of conductive materials (such as metal) to ensure a good electrical connection.3. Plugs and sockets: Plugs and sockets are another important part of a terminal harness. Plugs are connected to one end of the harness, while sockets are connected to one end of an external device or system. They make electrical connections by plugging in and unplugging, providing easy disassembly and assembly capabilities.4. Insulation: The wires and connections in a terminal harness need to be protected by proper insulation to prevent electrical shorts and other malfunctions. Insulating materials, such as plastic sleeves, rubber insulating sleeves, etc., are used to wrap the wires and terminals to ensure safe and reliable electrical isolation.5. Protective Enclosures: In order to protect the terminal harnesses from mechanical, environmental, and chemical damages, protective enclosures are usually added around the harnesses. These housings can be plastic tubing, metal sheathing, or other durable materials to provide physical protection and durability. There is a wide variety of terminal harnesses for different applications and industries. Here are some common types of terminal harnesses: 1. Automotive Harnesses: Automotive harnesses are terminal harnesses used in automotive electrical systems. They connect a variety of power, signal and control devices in the car, including the engine, body electrical system, instrument panel, lighting and sound system, etc. 2. Electronic Equipment Harnesses: Electronic equipment harnesses are widely used in computers, communication devices, home appliances and other electronic products. They connect components such as power supplies, circuit boards, displays, buttons, sensors, etc. 3.Aerospace Wiring Harnesses: Aerospace wiring harnesses are used in aircraft, satellites and spacecraft. Due to the special requirements of the aerospace environment, these harnesses need to be high-temperature, high-pressure, radiation-proof and vibration-resistant.4. Communication Harnesses: Communication Harnesses are used in telecommunication equipment, network equipment and fiber optic communication systems. They transmit audio, video and data signals to ensure the connection and proper functioning between communication devices.5. Medical Device Harnesses: Medical device harnesses are used in medical devices and medical equipment, such as electrocardiographs, X-ray machines, monitors, etc. They need to meet medical standards and have the characteristics of high temperature, high voltage and anti-vibration. They need to meet medical standards and have reliability, durability and biocompatibility.6. Industrial Equipment Harnesses: Industrial equipment harnesses are used for electrical connections in factory automation and mechanical equipment. They connect sensors, motors, controllers, actuators and other industrial equipment components. Terminal harnesses are electrical connection systems that include components such as wires, terminals, plugs, sockets, insulation and protective enclosures. They are diverse and suitable for different applications such as automotive, electronics, aerospace, communications, medical and industrial equipment. The design and manufacture of terminal harnesses need to take into account the requirements of the specific application to ensure reliable electrical connections and system performance.

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