The three main characteristics of RJ45 connectors

RJ45 connector of the three basic performance of the basic performance of the connector can be divided into three categories: the basic performance of the connector can be divided into three categories: that is, the mechanical properties, electrical properties and environmental performance.1. Mechanical properties in terms of the connection function, insertion and extraction force is an important mechanical properties. Insertion force is divided into insertion force and pull-out force (pull-out force is also known as separation force), the two requirements are different. In the relevant standards, there are provisions for greater insertion force and minimum separation force, which indicate that, from the point of view of use, the insertion force should be small (thus low insertion force LIF and no insertion force ZIF structure), while the separation force is too small, the reliability of the contact will be affected. Another important mechanical property is the mechanical life of the connector. Mechanical life is actually a kind of durability (durability) indicators, in the national standard GB5095 it is called mechanical operation. It is an insertion and a pull-out for a cycle, in order to specify the insertion and removal cycle after the connector can normally complete its connection function (such as contact resistance) as the basis for judgment. Connector insertion and extraction force and mechanical life and the structure of the contact parts (positive pressure size), the quality of the contact part plating (coefficient of sliding friction) and the precision of the dimensions of the contact parts arrangement (degree of alignment).

Electrical properties The main electrical properties of the connector include contact resistance, insulation resistance and resistance to electric strength. ① contact resistance high-quality electrical connectors should have a low and stable contact resistance. Connector contact resistance from a few milliohms to tens of milliohms. Insulation resistance is a measure of the insulation between the contact parts of an electrical connector and between the contact parts and the shell, and it ranges from hundreds of megohms to thousands of megohms. ③ Resistive strength or voltage, dielectric withstand voltage, is characterized by the connector between the contacts or contacts and shells between the ability to withstand the rated test voltage. Other electrical properties. EMI leakage attenuation is to evaluate the connector's EMI shielding effect, EMI leakage attenuation is to evaluate the connector's EMI shielding effect, generally in the frequency range of 100MHz ~ 10GHz test. For RF coaxial connectors, there are characteristic impedance, insertion loss, reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and other electrical indicators. Due to the development of digital technology, in order to connect and transmit high-speed digital pulse signals, a new type of connector that is a high-speed signal connector, accordingly, in terms of electrical performance, in addition to the characteristic impedance, there are also some new electrical indicators, such as crosstalk (crosstalk), transmission delay (delay), time lag (skew). 3. Environmental performance Common environmental performance including temperature, humidity, salt spray, vibration and shock. ① Temperature resistance Currently, the higher operating temperature of the connector is 200 ℃ (except for a few high-temperature special connectors), the lower temperature is -65 ℃. As the connector works, the current in the contact point generates heat, resulting in temperature rise, so it is generally believed that the operating temperature should be equal to the ambient temperature and the temperature rise of the contact point and the sum. In some specifications, the higher temperature rise allowed for a connector at rated operating current is specified. The intrusion of moisture can affect the connection h insulation and corrode metal parts. Constant humidity and heat test conditions for relative humidity 90% ~ 95% (according to product specifications, up to 98%), temperature +40 & # 177; 20 ℃, the test time according to product specifications, a minimum of 96 hours. Alternating humidity and heat test is more severe. ③ salt spray connectors in the environment containing moisture and salt work, its metal structure, contact surface treatment layer may produce galvanic corrosion, affecting the physical and electrical properties of the connector. In order to evaluate the ability of electrical connectors to withstand such environments, a salt spray test is prescribed. It is the connector suspended in a temperature-controlled test chamber, with a specified concentration of sodium chloride solution with compressed air spray, the formation of salt spray atmosphere, the exposure time specified by the product specification, at least 48 hours. ④ vibration and shock vibration and shock resistance is an important performance of the electrical connector, in special applications such as aviation and aerospace, railroads and road transportation is particularly important, it is an important indicator to test the mechanical structure of the electrical connector and the reliability of the electrical contact. In the relevant test methods have clear provisions. In the impact test, the peak acceleration, duration and impact pulse waveform should be specified, as well as the time of electrical continuity interruption. ⑤ Other environmental properties According to the requirements of use, other environmental properties of electrical connectors include sealing (air leakage, liquid pressure), liquid impregnation (resistance to oxidization of specific liquids), low air pressure, etc. The test methods are specified in the relevant test methods.

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