What is the difference between PCI-E 2.0 and 3.0, and who are the manufacturers of PCI-E 3.0 interfaces and features?

PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) is a computer bus standard used to connect various hardware devices inside a computer, such as graphics cards, network cards, and storage devices.There are some important differences between the different versions of PCIe, with the most common versions being PCIe 2.0 and PCIe 3.0. The differences are detailed below along with some of the major manufacturers of PCIe 3.0 interfaces and features. Differences: Bandwidth: PCIe 2.0 has a single lane bandwidth of 5 Gbps (Gigabits per second) while PCIe 3.0 has a single lane bandwidth of 8 Gbps, therefore PCIe 3.0 offers higher bandwidth. Transmission Efficiency: PCIe 3.0 is able to transmit more data at the same frequency compared to PCIe 2.0 because PCIe 3.0 introduces a new encoding technique called PAM-16 (Pulse Amplitude Modulation-16), whereas PCIe 2.0 used PAM-8 encoding.PAM-16 allows for 16 data symbols to be transmitted per clock cycle. PAM-16 allows 16 data symbols to be transmitted in each clock cycle, thus improving transmission efficiency. Power Management: PCIe 3.0 introduces a new power management state called the L1 substate, which is more efficient than the power management of PCIe 2.0. The L1 substate allows devices to enter a low-power state without utilizing the bus, thereby saving energy. Latency: PCIe 3.0 has lower latency compared to PCIe 2.0 due to improved transfer efficiency and bandwidth. This is important for latency-sensitive applications such as virtual reality and high-performance computing.PCIe 3.0 Interface and Function Manufacturers: The following are some of the major manufacturers of PCIe 3.0 interfaces and functions (examples only, not all): Intel: As a leading chip manufacturer, Intel offers a number of motherboard chipsets and networking devices that support PCIe 3.0. Intel: As a leading chip maker, Intel offers many motherboard chipsets and network adapters that support PCIe 3.0. AMD: As another well-known chip maker, AMD offers many processors and motherboard chipsets that support PCIe 3.0. ASUS: ASUS is a well known computer hardware manufacturer and they offer many motherboards and graphics cards that support PCIe 3.0. Gigabyte: Gigabyte is a major computer hardware manufacturer and they also offer many motherboards that support PCIe 3.0.

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